The Development of
Editing
The origins of cinema and Eadweard Muybridge here is a video of that.
He took his work to the university of pennslyvania there he
developed a new multi lens camera and produced a high speed study into the
movement of animals and humans film editing has changed over the years now the
editor works with raw footage, he selects the shots, combining them into the
right sequence to create a finished motion picture you must also understand the
importance of frames and frame rates, this is often expressed as frames per
second in the film industry the standard film and projection formats are 24
frames per second this is still used to adjust the speed image, in production
of filming and also in post production.
Eadweard Muybridge the farther of motion picture his study
of photographic experiments laid the foundation of modern cinema, The Horse in
motion 1882 many people regard this a the first moving picture he invented the
zoopraxiscope which projected silhouettes in rapid succession onto a screen.
One of the first cameras was a roll of film that moved
through the camera frame by frame past shutter and lens system this was
invented by the Lumiere Brothers in France and also Thomas Edison in America at
about the same time.
The films that were created by these camera's were not
edited and were usually a single shot from a single point of view later on they
had the idea that you could use a variety of shot choices using multiple points
of view and you could follow the action, this didn’t come into conception until
editing in camera was invented.
Editing in camera is a way of creating films you can find
examples of this at the straight 8 film festival it where film makers make and
edited in camera movies using a single 8mm film cartridge there is a historical
example of editing in camera its was made in 1902 and called history of an American
fire-fighter, editing in camera shows film-makers can show the world from more
than one point of view.
Editing
1920 film editing was done manually, editors cut the film and pasted them back together using a splicer and threading machine known as editing today is done digitally and allows us to play the film footage without damaging it.
1920 film editing was done manually, editors cut the film and pasted them back together using a splicer and threading machine known as editing today is done digitally and allows us to play the film footage without damaging it.
When editing in camera it is always difficult you get a
finished film as it is to hard to judge where each shot should start and finish
and get perfectly right each time so early film makers would trim shoots and
alter the order of section of film these were called clips in Early movie
production the idea to cut up the film and tape it back together was developed
and this was done by hand with a pair of scissors and a magnifying glass the
first mechanical editing deck was invented by Iwan Serrurier in 1924 and it was
called a moviola it cut the film and reassembled it they revolutionized editing
and more cutting techniques were developed.
The cutting of film and reassembling it either by hand or by
machine is called linear editing it is called this simply because you assemble
the clips one after another and it is purely mechanical.
From 1920 to the and of the second world war editing was
done almost always on the moviola decks in 1945 a German company introduced
their own the Steenbeck which became the industry standard they still produce
and sell film editing decks.
Invention of Video
Editing
The invention of video was first invented by the Ampex
research team in 1951 the first video editing machines followed a few years
later in 1956.
The first video editing systems were linear editing systems,
but instead og cutting the video tape the data was just copies from one tape to
the other using a control deck which would control the in and out point of the
parts you wanted copied onto the other tape the image and were primitive and
couldn't be used for cinema so were mainly used for TV.
The first film shot on video was in 1987 it was Julie and
Julia the commercial HD movie was once upon a time in Mexico in 2004.
Non-linear Editing
Systems
The first attempts at non-linear editing systems were
started in the 1970's but no one could bring a commercial system to the market
1980's Lucas film started to develop a system Edit Droid a system based on
lager disc technology but it was never used in a commercial system.
The first commercial system was successfully created in 1989
when AVID launched the Avid media composer editing system this system was hardware
and software based on Apple computer technology.
This computer based system was the first to turn taped data
into files, these files could then be moved about on a time line, it was a
major development and was the first to allow the creation of digital video
cameras.
The first camera that came onto the market was the Sony DI
in 1986, it allowed the film or video to be transformed into digital
information and that information can be altered without destroying the original
file so the change from linear to non-linear is known as Non Destructive
Editing and once the images are digital it is possible to change and alter data
that cannot be done when using linear linear editing systems.
Story Telling
When you are making a film, drama, news or a documentary you
need to have effective storytelling.
This is done by editing, you need to control the audiences
point of view, this is done by deciding the shoot in production and needs to
tell exactly what we want the story to be in the edit.
Genre
Screen-casts
Genre
Began as a classification and style that relates to the
theme of the story.
Genre became the dynamic tool that helps the public make
sense out of unpredictable art like most films fall into a type of
genre such as Drama, Horror, Adventure, Action, Comedy and Romantic
this is just a few examples of genres in films and TV.
Expendables
2
This film is an action movie with lots of fight scenes,
violence it has a lot of visual effects, characters facing against
incredible odds and has one or more hero.
Waterboy
This is a comedy it has a lot of light-heated humor,
makes you laugh, make fun of certain situations and has a happy
ending.
Screen-casts
This is me editing a screen-cast and a cut away of the
interview, I opened Final cut Pro and selected file import from files
I chose some clips from the data off the computer, I took two
different clips then I set the in and out points I selected another
clip and dragged it on the time line to the other clip that was
already on the time line.
When I did the screen-cast I set the in and out points
on the footage and set it onto the time line I pressed i key to set
the in point and then carried on looking through the clip to find
where I wanted it to stop then I pressed o key to set the out point
then dragged the clip on the time line.
In this screen-cast I added a dissolve transition in
between two different clips I selected effects what is on the toolbar
at the top then went down to video transitions and then went to
dissolve then picked one that I liked and placed it in between the
two clips then I played it to see if it worked as I wanted it to.
For this screen-cast I added wipe transition between two
clips, I selected effect then video transfer wipe then picked one
that I liked form the list and then placed it in between the two
clips of footage I had chosen, I then played it back to see what it
was like.
